Letter to Boyfriend

When we first started going out, my friends and family noticed a difference in me. I'd come home from school and my family would say, â€Å"You're smiling a lot. † My friends would ask how you're doing, and I'd blush as we talked. When I'm with you, it's like my world is in perfect harmony. I could get lost in your eyes. You're an all-around amazing guy, intelligent, sweet, funny, adorable†¦ The list goes on. I appreciate you. I cherish you. You kept me strong, kept me believing.And even when I was ready to give up on myself, you weren't. You've never given up on me, even when I didn't think I was worth it. I want you beside me always. Over the last year and 9 months you have sincerely been everything I have ever hoped for in a partner and so much more than I ever believed I could find in another person. Being with you is so amazing. You are my playmate, my confidant, my passionate lover, my protector, my partner and cost importantly my true friend.Over the thought of spe nding the rest of my life by your side gives me butterflies. Good or bad, I want to be right there with you through it all and I truly want to experience as much of life as we possibly can together. Thank you for every moment we have shared since that day we met. Thank you for your love, patience, kindness and generosity. Thank you for really loving me. Happy anniversary babe I love you so much. :*

Yellow Brick Road

Yellow Brick Road by Witi Ihimaera Follow the yellow brick road, Follow, follow, follow follow, Follow the yellow brick road †¦ We're almost there! Almost at Wellington, the Emerald City! Me and Dad and Mum and Roha, we been travelling for two days now in our car which Dad bought from Mr Wallace last week. No dents and honk honk goes the horn. Dad, he said I could have a drive of it myself when we left Waituhi but then it conked out on the Whareratas and that made him change his mind. – I told you we wouldn't get to Wellington in this, Mum said to him while he was fixing it up. – We'll get there. But I want to get there in one piece! Mum answered. – Throw some of your junk out then, Dad told her. Our car sure is loaded down all right. Mum's stuff is in the boot, some belongings are tied under the canvas on the roof and there's even some squeezed in here with us. Boy. But you won't conk out now, ay car? There's just one hill to go and we'll be there. So up we go, up the hill, slowly but surely. And who cares if cars bank up behind us! They can beep all they like. We got as much right to be on this road as they got. Road, road, yellow brick road, yellow with the headlights sweeping across it.Just like in that book Miss Wright, my teacher, gave me before we left Waituhi. A neat book. About the straw man, the tin man, the cowardly lion and the Emerald City and †¦ we're almost there! I bounce up and down on the seat. I can't wait to see all the sparkling green towers glittering in the dark ahead of us. – Matiu, you just sit still! Mum growls. What's gotten into you, ay? – Sorry, Mum. Poor Mum. She's very tired and still unhappy about leaving Waituhi, our whanau, our family. Her eyes are still red with the crying when all the people had waved goodbye to us like little flags fluttering far away.At least she hasn't cried as often as Roha has for Hone though! Roha and Hone, they went round together and once I saw them having a pash. Eeee! I grin at my big sister. Never mind, Roha. Plenty other boys down. inWellington and you can pash up large with them when we get there, ay. – What you grinning for, Smarty? Roha snaps. – I'm allowed to grin if I want to, aren't I? I ask, suddenly hurt. – All right, all right, you don't have to scream. I make a funny face at her. It would teach her a good lesson if even the pakehas didn't want to pash with her! Lots of pakehas in Wellington. Not like in Waituhi.Makes me scared to think about it. – Dad, will the pakehas like us in Wellington? Dad? He doesn't answer me because he is driving carefully. He has to lean forward to see the road in front of him. It has started to rain. Wish I was older and knew how to drive better. Then I could give him a rest at the wheel. I press against him and he puts an arm round me. His face looks tired, just like it looked when we were walking to a garage yesterday after our car ran out of petrol. There we were , miles from anywhere, walking along the road while car after car sped past us without stopping. Some of them blared loudly at us.Others made a lot of dust come over us. And always as they passed the faces would be looking back and staring at us. I felt puzzled. – Why don't they stop, Dad? He had shrugged his shoulders. – We're in a different country now, son. I began to hate those faces. I wanted to throw stones at them all. But things will be different when we get to Wellington, won't the? And we will be happy, won't we? Course we will. You just wait and see, Dad. We'll make lots of money and be rich as anything because Wellington is where the money is. And you have to go where the money is, ay Dad. No use staying in Waituhi and being poor all the time, ay.I lean back in the seat and burrow under the blanket. It is getting cold and there is a draught coming through a hole in our car. I feel my bag of lollies in my pocket. – You want one, Mum? You want one, Dad ? Roha? I pass the bag to Roha and she takes two, the greedy thing. I put one in my mouth and count what's left. Seven. Boy, these are the dearest lollies I ever bought. When we stopped at the shop yesterday I gave the man thirty cents and he didn't give me any change. When I asked him for it, he told me thirty cents was how much these lollies cost. But he was lying. He was a thief and he stole my money.How would he like it if someone rooked him'? What's more, these lollies stink, just like him. I watch the road as it twists ahead through the dark. Every now and then, there is a loud whoosh of a fast car passing us. Those fast cars don't like us. We're too slow for them. Suddenly, I see two lights ahead like eyes glaring at us. The eyes open wider, grow larger, looking like the eyes of a†¦ – Dad! I yell, afraid. A big truck descends on us with its headlight blazing full. I seem to see taloned fingers reaching out to claw me. – Bloody hell, Dad mutters. He swerves. The car kicks gravel.The truck thunders past, screaming in the wind. I look at Mum. Her face is shaken. – I better keep both my hands on the wheel, Dad says. He lifts his arm from me and I feel suddenly alone. I begin to think of Waituhi, our whanau, and that makes me sad. All our family was there and Emere was our cow. Haere ra, Emere. And haere ra to you, e Hemi. You'll always be my best mate. I start humming to myself. Quietly. – Follow the yellow brick road, Follow follow, follow, follow†¦ Miss Wright, she taught us that song at school. A neat song. We made a long line, joined by our hands, and danced crazy patterns over the playground and†¦There is a snapping sound and the flapping of canvas. – What's that, Dad? He pulls the car over to the side of the road and steps out. Mum winds down her window. – What's wrong? – Rope's snapped, he yells back. – You better get out and help your father, Mum says to me. I jump out into the r ain. Boy, it's sure wet and cold out here. Dad is struggling in the wind to pull the canvas back over our belongings. – All this junk! Dad mutters. No wonder the canvas came away. He takes a box from the top and dumps it on the side of the road. My books spill out and the pages fly away like birds in the wind. – Dad. No, Dad†¦I run out into the road in panic because those are my school books and among them is my best book. My best book. – Matiu! Get off the road! Mum screams. My best book. In the wind and the rain. My best book. – Matiu. And there it is. Lying there on the road. I run to get it and car brakes scream in my ears. But I have it in my arms and hold it safe to me. And I don't care if I get a hiding. I don't care†¦ Mum hits me very hard. -What you want to do that for, you stupid kid. But I don't care. I don't care†¦ And the driver of the other car is saying angry words to Dad: – What the bloody hell do you think you're up to, eh'?Letting your kid run out like that, what's wrong with you! Look, never mind about bloody arguing. Christ, you shouldn't be on the road at all. Your car's bloody dangerous loaded like that. And why the hell didn't you pull further off the road, eh? Oh, what's the use. You Maoris are all the same. Dumb bloody horis. He steps back into his car and roars off. Dad comes towards me and his face is full of anger. Go ahead, Dad. Hit me. I deserve it. But he doesn't. Instead, he hugs me and asks: – You all right, son? – Yes, Dad. I'm sorry, Dad. That man†¦ – That bastard. Never mind about him. I clutch my book tightly.I carry it into the car with me. Mum starts to get angry with me again. Tuni tuni, woman, Dad says. It's all over now. Let's forget it. – It wouldn't have happened if you'd tied down our things properly like Sam told you to do, Mum answers. Sam is my uncle and we stayed at his place in Hastings last night. Uncle Sam didn't even know we w ere on our way to Wellington. – Down to that windy place† he'd said. You fullas better tie yourselves down or you'll be blown away! Don't you know how cold it is down there'? Brother, it's liquid sunshine all the year round! – We don't care, I'd answered him. We're going to make lots of money down there.Not much room left for pa living anymore. That's what you said, ay Dad. Dad had looked at me strangely. – No more jobs back home, he told Uncle. Plenty of the seasonal work, yes, but me and Hine had enough of that. We had enough of shearing, the fruit-picking and the going down South to shear some more. No, plenty of work in Wellington. Plenty of factories. – Who told you that! Uncle snorted. – Jim, Dad answered. Uncle Jim is Dad's brother. He lives in Petone and we're going to stay with him until we find our own house. Uncle Sam had shrugged his shoulders.. – Well, Jim should know, he'd said. I want us to have a good life, a new start, Dad tried to explain. A new start for my kids. Me and Hine, we've always had nothing. But my kids? They're going to grow up with everything. I'll fight for it, because they must have it. But I'd seen Uncle Sam hadn't understood Dad's words. He'd simply shaken his head and wished us luck. And in the morning before we left he'd told Dad to tie the canvas down tight. – Otherwise that wind will get under it and before you know it you'll be flying into Wellington! Dad had tried his best with the ropes. He'd said to Mum: – How about getting rid of some of this junk, ay?She'd answered him: – This junk is all we've ever had. I'm not throwing away one piece of it, wind or no wind. It sure is windy all right, outside the car. The clouds are rushing in the night sky just like the Winged Monkeys. The wind moans and chatters and cackles among our belongings, and I must close my eyes and put my hands to my ears to shut out the sights and sounds of this night. Then, suddenly, all the noises stop. Even the car has stopped. – There it is, Dad says. I open my eyes. Far away are the lights of Wellington, streaming with the rain down our window like glistening towers. And it looks so†¦ o†¦ beautiful. Just as I'd imagined it to be. Just as I'd pretended it would be. Emerald City. – Isn't it neat, Muni'? She stares ahead. Her face is still. – Roha? I ask. My sister's face is filled with a strange glow. – Dad? He looks at me and smiles. – You and your dreams, son. He starts the car. We begin to drive down from the hill. I look at Dad and Mum and Roha, puzzled. How come I'm the only one to be happy! Can't they see this is where our life begins and this is where our dreams begin'? And dreams, they come true, don't they? Don't they? I look out the car. I see the sign: STEEP GRADE.All along the yellow brick road there have been signs like that. STEEP GRADE. CHANGE DOWN. ONE WAY. LIMITED SPEED ZONE. ROAD NARROWS. STOP. WI NDING ROAD. GO. CONCEALED EXIT TRAFFIC LIGHTS AHEAD. GREASY WHEN WET. NO EXIT. NO PASSING. NO STOPPING. Many signs, all telling us where we have to go and†¦. I begin to feel scared. If ever we want to, will we be able to find our way back'? I begin to sing to myself. Not because I'm happy, but because I think I want to feel sure myself everything will turn out alright. It will, won't it? Follow the yellow brick road, Follow, follow, follow, follow, Follow†¦

American Healthcare System and the Rights of Trans People

American Healthcare System and the Rights of Trans People Trans healthcare rights are becoming more and more prominent in the United States; not only is there a push for coverage of hormones and surgery but also is pushing for an overhaul of how we approach our health care in general. â€Å"Transgender people face massive and systemic discrimination within the health care system. From instances of humiliation and degradation to outright refusals to provide care, the health care system presents a minefield of discrimination for transgender people seeking to access care† (TLDEF, 2014). Currently one must be diagnosed with Gender Identity Disorder (GID) by a therapist to be given hormone injections and other treatment. To ask a person to admit something is mentally wrong with them is humiliating and degrading. Rather than face abuse and humiliation many trans* people seek alternative ways of receiving treatment. This is no doubt related to the increasing number of trans* people, especially trans* women, being diagnosed with HIV and AIDS. 2.64 percent of trans people are infected with HIV, which is more than four times the national average rate of 0.6 percent in the general population. (Moskowitz, 2010). â€Å"Where transgender people cannot access health care in a safe and non-discriminatory manner, they often will find what they need outside the mainstream health care system. The use of â€Å"street† hormones, with little direction or medical supervision, is one way that transgender people get what they need when they opt out of the mainstream health care system. Such hormones are often unsafe and unclean, and can seriously harm those who use them. When such hormones are injected, the risk of transmission of HIV and other blood borne pathogens through needle sharing is ever-present† (TLDEF, 2014). Trans* people often experience body dysphoria, a chronic mental illness where the person experiences an incongruity between the way they perceive their body and the way it is in reality. â€Å"For trans people, this can (but doesn’t always) include varying degrees, permutations and combinations of feelings and discomfort around the unwanted presence of breasts and the desire for a penis, testicles and a masculine, virilized body by many trans men, or the unwanted presence of a penis and testicles and desire for breasts and a less virilized, more feminine body by many trans women† (American Trans Man, 2012). It is important to not a trans* person is not born one way and is becoming the other. To a trans* person they’ve always been the gender they identify as, they just don’t have a body that matches. Research has overwhelmingly shown that members of the LGBT+ community are more prone to anxiety and depression. An alarming 41% of trans* people in the United States have attempted to commit suicide. Often being misgendered can be triggering and upsetting for a trans* person. â€Å"LGBT people face: Higher rates of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and phobic disorders, suicidality, self-harm, and substance use among LGBT people Double the risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than heterosexual people LGBT youth and trans people face increased risk. For example: LGBT youth face approximately 14 times the risk of suicide and substance abuse than heterosexual peers 77% of trans respondents in an Ontario-based survey had seriously considered suicide and 45% had attempted suicide Trans youth and those who had experienced physical or sexual assault were found to be at greatest risk† (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2014). In some cases surgery and other treatments should be considered life saving and preventive due to the high suicide risk. It is currently very hard to get health care coverage for reassignment surgery as they are seen as elective; however, in many cases regarding trans* prisoners, courts have ruled in their favor. In 2012, a Massachusetts judged ruled in favor for an inmate’s reassignment surgery. â€Å"Chief Judge Mark L. Wolf ruled that sex reassignment surgery is the only adequate treatment for Kosilek, and that there is no less intrusive means to correct the prolonged violation of Kosileks Eighth Amendment right to adequate medical care’† (Kim, 2012). Not only is there a high suicide risk among trans* people, there is also a staggering number of assaults and and sexual assaults. â€Å"A 2009 University of California, Irvine study of prison inmates in California found that a transgender inmate is 13 times more likely to be sexually assaulted than the average inmate, adding on to security concerns above medical ones† (Kim, 2012). This surgery allowed the prisoner to then be transferred to the prison of their identified gender. â€Å"Health care for trans people is a necessity. It is not elective, it is not cosmetic, it is life-saving† (Cox, 2014). Trans* people experience discrimination disproportionately to the rest of the LGB+ community. Being in a body where you feel like you’re a stranger†¦ Where you feel like you don’t belong and having to deal with that plus the onslaught of transphobia and discrimination is more than anyone should have to bear. We need not just a health care system, but a world where trans* people feel included and welcomed.

Research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Report - Research Paper Example A network is a system; either wired or wireless, that acts as a link between computer and another computer, or/and related accessories. This enables the user to share benefits that accrue from computing and information machines and media; some of which include sharing files and similar information formats. The network is engineered to accommodate many interfaces of the computer. To be specific, these modes of use include network controlled software, application programmes and network controlled hardware. Most communications gadgets employ the use of one or multiples of these network systems and means of information and communication (World Economic Forum, 120). Inferno Network operating Software is operating software that has come with all the core network features within it. This is a feature that makes it prominent in communications establishments. It controls computers and other communication media through the three components of networks; making it allow usage not only to specifi c devices but also taking into account inter-device features that are shared. With this property, a unique feature that is not common to other current technological devices, for instance, the compatibility communication mode between a wrist watch which has an encrypted alarm to trigger various programme sessions; is made a possibility. In this regard the security system at home, office and even public places has been enhanced (World Economic Forum, 149) Conventionally, most operating systems in the market deploy a user interface that is common, such as Google user interface alongside others which are often given in most standardized applications. In this sense, their users must be always guided by unique codes of operation in such operating systems which makes it compelling and irritating to use. Inferno Network Operating System on the other hand is programmed to accommodate the specific-user design. This is a design that allows any user with any appliance or device; to be able to c ontrol the interface being provided by the operating system (World Economic Forum, 165). In the recent past during Yoogle company conferences, the public together with technical stakeholders have purchases the operating system. A variety of devices made by Yoogle Company alongside others provided by partnering application companies, have been used to test the efficiency of the software. Its compatibility mode with all these devices is a strong suggestion of its universality, and therefore is not restricting to a given company or user. Inferno Network Operating System has a uniquely small memory requirement for its installation. In this system a space required is of a capacity of less than 1 Mb for any device. This makes it remedy the current problem of large memory for other system installations in all forms of appliances. In addition to this, it can be able to operate any device at relatively higher speeds that will enable a user to access much information and media within the shor test time possible. Yoogle has discovered this technological advancement on the theory of nanotechnology. In nanotechnology devices are created and utilized at extremely minute scales, and this makes it possible for these materials to range within, on a quantifiable scale, the size of a nanocrystal. The limited space requirement of the operating sys

Compare tsarist foreign policy in the period 1801-1854 with the period Essay

Compare tsarist foreign policy in the period 1801-1854 with the period 1856-1914. How and why did tsarist foreign policy change - Essay Example The Russian empire during this period had no system of government as they were led by a tsar whom they believed got his anointment from God. A tsar was, therefore, treated with much respect and made decisions on behalf of the other state members. The tsarist participated in the creation of the Armenian during the tsarist period. The Armenians’ however, later led in the revolutionary consciousness to the Russian Empire (Dmytryshyn, 2007). Until 1856, the Russian had not formulated a policy to moderate the number of immigrants whose number increased tremendously. Initially, Tsarist regime applied an assorted strategy that relied on the geographical location, difference in religion and the intensity of national awareness (Dmytryshyn, 2007). Significant transformation took place during the reign of the three rulers; Nicholas II, Alexander II and Alexander III from the dynasty of Romanov between 1856 and 1914. These rulers encountered different challenges despite personal qualities they acquired from their upbringing. The main objectives for change of tsarist foreign policy during this period comprised five main features. First, Russia is regarded superpowers and enjoys the prestige of holding the position. Second, the states’ realist and neorealist had an influence through the central power as the tsarist foreign policy designed a different manner of the major paradigm. The technicalities of matching the economic , military and technology applied by its rivals are the third element. Fourth, the modalities on how to match up to the standards determine on how contested Russians national identity connects domestic economic and political order with foreign strategy priorities and course. Finally, level to which western liberalism is a relevant representation for Russia (Dmytryshyn, 2007). The foreign policy created from 1856 to 1914 when Alexander III came into

Individual Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Paper - Essay Example s legislation and decline of social inequalities, more and more people are migrating to different places and opting for jobs at various levels depending upon their education and caliber. Vast numbers of mixed populations from different communities, groups, races, ethnicity and nationalities can be seen in large corporate organizations and in multinational organizations. News regarding law suits against some of the large corporations has spanned news papers, magazines and the websites, largely due to the huge settlements involved. For example, the largest known settlement for a racial discrimination lawsuit was paid by Coca-Cola in 1999. The company was sued by African-American former and current employees for racial discrimination under the US Civil Rights Act. The charges included unequal wages for African-Americans compared to the Whites; very few positions at top given to African-Americans; and certain policies that inhibited African-Americans from trying for promotions (Winter). Coca Cola had to face such charges due to the inappropriate diversity management policies and practices. In addition to the large sum, these charges resulted in reputational loss, which can further impact their competitiveness and sustainability in the market. Searches for current issues in management practice and organizations were conducted on the web, with maximum results obtained in the field of diversity management. A variety of issues were found, most of which included unequal opportunities at workplaces causing employees to revolt against management. Some of these include racial discrimination (as in the case of Coca Cola); minimal opportunities for women at top positions (Winter); unequal pay for women and men; and issues related to sexual harassment. Hence, a study of management policies at different corporations was conducted in order to learn how they prevented and handled issues related to diversity management. In addition, reasons for diversity management

How does the Film 'North by Northwest' Convey Espionage from the Essay

How does the Film 'North by Northwest' Convey Espionage from the 1950's - Essay Example The two powers never had direct military action, but the period contained sets of high tension crises and race for supremacy. The Cold War era affected the culture of the US. Soldiers who served in the World War II returned home and started new lives and families. They started new businesses and the trade expanded along with job opportunities. The 1950s witnessed major events that was a huge leap and changed our culture and lifestyle. President Harry Truman approved production of the Hydrogen Bomb. 1951 saw the introduction of television and in 1958 the US launched its first satellite Explorer I. National Airlines started domestic passenger flights in 1958. These are major developments in a decade and have affected our culture and society. These were baby steps and foundation of events that led US to supremacy in culture, economy and military as well. The atomic explosions in the 1950s demonstrated power of the US and the Soviet Union and the events were the cause of escalation of th e Cold War. The decade included the Korean War and the beginning of the space race. Along with these developments intelligence gathering accelerated and espionage activities increased. The decade was very active and it had profound effects on the culture as well. The culture of the time is fairly represented by the films. The paper, however, is aimed at studying the culture of the decade along with examination of Alfred Hitchcock’s film North by Northwest in context with the espionage activities at the time. Before examining the film in detail, it is necessary to give a brief plot along with introduction to characters. Alfred Hitchcock Alfred Hitchcock was an English born film director. His films usually centered on murder or espionage, with deception and chase sequences. Mistaken identity was common in his films. An innocent man wrongly accused of crime or espionage was a theme in many of his films. His greatest strength was his expertise in building and maintaining suspense . He used very elaborate with editing techniques and used camera viewpoints for his visual effects. The soundtracks were carefully chosen and edited.1 His thrillers maintained reality and believability which was different than other spy films of the time. Alfred Hitchcock was the main spy film director who made this genre popular in the 1930s. The Cold War era increased desire of audiences to see spy thrillers and the 1950s saw a major growth in this genre. Alfred Hitchcock made many of the spy films in the decade and depicted the espionage activities along with culture. Government operations along with operational style and activities of intelligence agencies were shown in the films. Spies and their work were mostly fiction but the films gave audiences an insight into the profession. Furthermore, the Cold War saw an increase in real world espionage activities and the intelligence agencies were very active at the time. The films, especially by Alfred Hitchcock came close to depictin g real world scenarios in espionage and were liked by audience for being suspense spy thrillers. North by Northwest â€Å"North by Northwest† was a Cold War spy story released in the year 1959 by Alfred Hitchcock. The cast included Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint and James Mason. The film’s theme is of mistaken identity with an innocent man chased by an unknown organization. The main theme of this motion picture is espionage activity and shows some insight into government intelligence agen

The Concepts of Race Relations as Reflected in the Media Research Paper

The Concepts of Race Relations as Reflected in the Media - Research Paper Example Stereotyping to the extent of creating media-fueled labels creates a danger to society in which one ethnicity can be singled out in order to create a sense of ‘safety’ for another. One example of this can be seen in the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II as a sign of containing the threat of the Japanese. As well, the new Arizona law that requires all non-citizens to carry identification suggests that in the fight against illegal immigration a racial profile will be used to detain anyone of appearance that might not be a legal citizen. In suggesting that ‘whiteness’ is the norm from which behaviour can be identified as typical creates a conflict with the actual behaviour that exists in the world as well as a problem for those whose ethnic appearance does not fit into what is expected. The idea of ‘whiteness’ is considered a defining standard from which the American experience is then typified. According to Cooks and Simpson (20 08, p. 273), ‘whiteness’ can be defined as â€Å"a process of universalizing, through which white identity is inaugurated as the standard for racializing matrices - all racialized locations are compared to white identity†. The word that most often is associated with this concept is that of privilege. Through the concept of privilege, the ’white’ norm is defined as a luxury of life in which racial constraints have not influenced the success of a family. The benefit of privilege in which the white body experiences freedoms from the constraints of skin color denotes a form of stereotypical point of view that is then reflected within the media.

Strategic management of MC DONALD and how they maintain their succeses Essay

Strategic management of MC DONALD and how they maintain their succeses over the years - Essay Example There are few challenges and problems that the company faces which would be discussed in this study. The biggest challenge for McDonalds is to overcome the increase in competition, maintain its quality and keep a strict check and balance on the customer satisfaction as the company has more than half of the business depends on franchising. In the SWOT analysis of the company it has been found out that McDonalds occupies a very strong position in the market. Special attention paid to hiring potential staff has been a key to its success. As we know in the food and hospitality industry the major role is to be played by the internal customers (that are employees) as they will be the source of satisfaction for the external customers (the real customers). So keeping the internal customers satisfied and properly training them is what McDonalds has been doing. This has been a key success factor for the company. The concept of franchising has also been fruitful for the company as it generates 60 percent of its sales through franchising (Gallagher, 2008). McDonalds focuses on five main things that are its drivers for success namely people, product, price, place and promotion. PESTLE Analysis Following is the Pestle Framework application to McDonalds. PESTLE framework includes the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that relate to McDonalds. Political Factors While McDonalds plans to expand its business it has to keep a lot of political factors in mind like the taxation and licensing issues (Ghemawat, 1991). During international expansion the analysis of the political situation of the other country happens to be of critical importance. Economical Factors Economic factors are of concern to McDonalds, because they are likely to influence demand, costs, prices and profits. Amongst the economic factors the high unemployment levels are one the most influential factors as it reduces the demand for a lot of goods and also the food industr y. Inflation is one other thing that has impacted almost every business in the world and so is the case with the food industry. The economic factors mentioned above are mostly beyond the company’s control but at the same time their effects related to the marketing mix and performance can be reflective. Social Factors The awareness of the health issues is increasing amongst the consumers' day by day and the attitudes they hold towards food is continually changing. The quality that McDonalds has provided to its customers over these years has helped the company earn a good repute and thus a strong position in the society (Schlosser, 2008). Technological Factors New technologies profit company and the customers both. The adoption of the new technology by the company and always keeping everything updated has helped the company in attaining this strong market position (Vignali, 2001). Upgrading of its equipments and the machinery used have also served as a source of satisfaction fo r the internal and external customers both. Environmental Factors McDonalds has always focused on healthy and clean environment and this has helped the company in winning the trust of the customers. Legal Factors The policies of government in order to control monopoly and the reduction of power of buyers can lead to putting a limit to entry in this sector by putting controls such as license requirements and limitation to access the

Designing The User Interface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Designing The User Interface - Essay Example hich were exclusively available to computer users initially, are now easily accessible through mobile devices and cell phones to billions of users, thus assisting individuals with low incomes, low literacy or disabilities to make use of the available technology advancements, for example the Apple’s iTunes interface found on [http://www.apple.com/itunes/ (Shneiderman and Plaisant,7). All this is possible since the User-interface designers and researchers have harnessed advanced technology to serve human needs. Through User-interface design, many business success stories have been produced, notably in international partnerships and mega-mergers through increased decision-support and information sharing arising from the interface designs. Such partnerships and mergers include, for example, the partnership between YouTube found at [http://www.youtube.com/] and PlayStation3 (Shneiderman and Plaisant, 9). Nevertheless, User-interface design produces intense competition among business and individuals, as well as resulting to the infringement of copyrights and intellectual property legal battles, such as the ones between advanced cell phone and computer companies (Shneiderman and Plaisant, 12). Further controversies surrounding User-interface design includes the inadequacies of the user-interfaces, which have in turn resulted in violations of the issues of national defense, personal identification, crime fighting and personal electronic health records (Shneiderman and Plaisant, 5). At a personal level, user-interfaces have changed people lives, through assisting individuals and professionals to effectively accomplish their tasks, such as assisting doctors to undertake successful diagnosis or assisting pilots to fly planes safely (Shneiderman and Plaisant, 6). Nevertheless, there are various shortcomings associated with user-interfaces, such as the frustrations that users often have do encounter, in regards to the complexity of the interface menus, terminologies that

Opportunity Network Application Essay Example for Free

Opportunity Network Application Essay The best-selling author and motivational speaker Roger Crawford once said, â€Å"Being challenged in life is inevitable, being defeated is optional.† I have encountered numerous obstacles in my life, but none were as difficult as learning my second language, English. When I moved to the United States in 2009, I knew no English. Thus, my dad enrolled me into a bilingual school, hoping that I would learn English quickly with the help of Chinese-speaking teachers. Instead, all of my classmates spoke in Chinese and so I learned English much more slowly. By the time I entered high school, my relatively poorer English skills prevented me from doing homework efficiently and making friends. After half a year, my teachers noticed how depressed I was. They helped boost my self-esteem by complimenting my academic achievement. That was when I realized I had strengths, too. I began striving for excellence, because I realized that my dedication and hard work would ultimately be recognized and rewarded. Gradually, more classmates talked to me and I began to feel like I belonged in my community. I am grateful for this challenge as it opened my heart and taught me to be determined. Not only do I like making new friends, I also like challenges. Even though some challenges seem beyond my reach, I demand myself to do the best I can. I don’t always succeed, but I see each challenge as a learning experience. I know that, as a Chinese proverb says, an intense storm is always followed by a beautiful rainbow.

Tomorrow When the War Began Characters Essay Example for Free

Tomorrow When the War Began Characters Essay The voice of the Tomorrow Series novels and the main character that is featured throughout the series. * Ellie is a natural leader and tries to work out being the leader without being ‘bossy,’. * She is very stubborn and headstrong which gets her into trouble with her friends and also endangers her life at one point. * Her loyalty to her friends, love of her family and intelligence are some of her strongest character traits. * Ellie is chosen by the group to record the events as they happened in an effort to have their history set down on paper. She pledges that it will be honest and says that some of the others arent happy with the result. * The voice of the Tomorrow Series novels and the main character that is featured throughout the series. Homer * He is known as a clown and in school, Homer had developed a reputation for teasing others and for making fun of himself. * Homer is not exactly the kind of person who would have been expected to be a leader but he takes that role very easily and the others, recognising that ability for the first time, allow him to lead in many situations. Homer believes that the main thing for the group to do is to remain together and to keep their numbers as strong as possible. * Homer pairs off with Fiona after the teens return from Hell. Fiona * Fiona is small and delicate but strong and determined. * Fionas family is wealthy and little in her life has prepared her for the danger they face after the invasion, but Fiona faces it as well as any of the group. * Fiona is attracted to Homer, but it takes some time for her to admit and act on her feelings. Steve * Ellies ex-boyfriend. He doesnt appear during the story except in Ellies memories. * She admits to having been very involved with Steve at one point but doesnt seem to be heartbroken over their breakup. LEE * His parents own a restaurant and the group frequents that establishment. * Ellie notes that Lee doesnt usually spend a great deal of time with her friends but that he is an interesting person and she decides to invite him on the camping trip in order to get to know him better. Lee and Ellie become a pair. * Lee says that he is again able to feel pride in himself and Ellie realizes that Lee had been ashamed of the fact that he got shot and was unable to do his part in the groups efforts while he recovered. Corrie * Corrie is Ellies best friend. * Ellie and Corrie have plans to travel together after high school graduation. * Corrie is willing to do whatever is necessary and she is out with Kevin, searching for ferrets, on the night shes shot in the back. Corrie is taken by Kevin to the hospital and her fate is unknown. Kevin * Kevin is a stable person and Ellie says she expects that hell grow old as a farmer in the area, taking over the tasks of farming and community being done by his father. * Kevin is a little older than the rest of the group and hes paired off with Corrie. Chris * Originally meant to be one of the group that camps out, Chris is not allowed to go because his parents are going to be out of the country and hes needed at home. Chris hides out after the invasion and meets up with Ellie and the others when they come to his house looking for a car. * Chris is considered odd by many of the students, though most agree that hes also a genius. * Hes musical and writes poetry and Ellie notes that he might have been disappointed that he wasnt chosen to record the history. Robyn * Robyn has trouble talking her parents into letting her go, but Ellie convinces Mr. Mathers that its a safe trip and a good idea. * Robyn has a very competitive nature and is the most religious of the group.

Effect of Earnings Decline on Crime Levels

Effect of Earnings Decline on Crime Levels Module: Contemporary Issues in the UK Economy Use an appropriate supply and demand framework to explain how a decline in earnings from legitimate work would be expected to affect the level of crime. To what extent does evidence from the UK support this theoretical prediction? The idea that low earnings affect crime is not a new idea; Aristotle (350 B.C.) himself said â€Å"poverty is the parent of revolution and crime† (pg. 32). Since then, there has been much research in the field since policymakers require this information to create effective crime-reducing policies. In recent years, falling real wages has been a significant issue since the UK is in the longest period of pay stagnation since 1855 (The Economist, 25th Oct 2014). I will discuss the impact of falling wages on the crime rate by using an economic supply and demand framework and comparing my findings to real evidence from UK data. Both Becker (1968) and Freeman’s (1999) work make the assumption that criminals are rational economic agents and hence criminal activity can be modelled using a supply and demand framework in the same way one could a goods or services market. Economic theory states that the supply of crime depends on four components: potential earnings from committing a successful crime (Wc), probability of being caught (p), level of punishment (S) and wages earned from legitimate work (W). This can be shown in the following inequality: (1-p)U(Wc)-pU(S)>U(W) The left hand side represents the potential net benefit gained from committing the crime and the right hand side shows the utility of legitimate earnings. So the individual will commit a crime if the net benefits of committing the crime exceed the benefits of legitimate work. These factors which influence whether an individual decides to commit a crime or not can be aggregated to create the following function for Criminal Participation (CP): CP=f (Wc, P, S, W). The demand function of crime describes how the level of crime in society falls as individuals take increasing preventative measures (Cook, 1986) and therefore, the demand curve is downward sloping. However, the level of demand for committing crimes varies depending on the type of criminal activity undertaken. Freeman (1999) differentiates between â€Å"victimless† and â€Å"victims† crime suggesting that â€Å"victimless† crime carries obvious economic gain, e.g. dealing drugs, whereas â€Å"victims† crime has no obvious economic benefit e.g. violent crime. However, the downward sloping demand curve for â€Å"victims† crime is less intuitive so most work focusses on â€Å"victimless† crime. It is worth noting that one of the limitations of this supply and demand model in analysing crime rates is that it does not take into account non-economic incentives i.e. the feeling of doing wrong versus earning an honest living. Having discussed how to model crime using supply and demand analysis, I will now use these economic tools to illustrate a situation where wages are falling. If wages from legitimate work (W) fall, the supply curve will shift outwards since the opportunity cost of crime has fallen. Using the inequality previously discussed ((1-p) U(Wc)-pU(S)>U(W)), if legitimate earnings (W) fall, assuming ceteris paribus, the benefits of committing the crime are relatively higher. Hence more people will be willing to commit crimes. This is shown in Figure 1 as the shift from CP1 to CP2. Cantor and Land (1985) call this the motivation effect. As shown here, the outward shift of â€Å"supply† of crime (CP1 to CP2) results in an increase in the amount of crime committed (Q1 to Q2). However, there is also a fall in potential earnings from crime (Wc1 to Wc2); if wages fall, the value of consumer goods being bought is likely to fall so there are fewer valuable goods available to steal. This is the Opportunity Effect (Cantor and Land, 1985). So the fall in wages could actually reduce the crime level. It is difficult to gauge which effect, Opportunity or Motivation, is stronger. One factor which could affect this is whether low or high wages are falling. Machin and Meghir (2004) make this distinction by analysing the 25th wage percentile to capture lower skilled workers whose opportunity cost of committing is lower (Freeman, 1999). Machin and Meghir use data from England and Wales (1975-1996) and focus on vehicle and property crime as these are more likely to be driven by economic incentives than e.g. violent crimes. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the level of wage growth in an economy and the level of crime. The close proximity of the points on the graph to the regression line (calculated using a weighted least squares regression) shows a relatively strong negative correlation between the variables and the slope of the regression line gave a value of -1.580; hence, as the 25th percentile wage rises by 1%, the property crime rate is expected to fall by 1.580%. Machin and Meghir’s work supports the theoretical analysis that falling wages leads to higher crime rates for low paid workers. Therefore if low wages fall, the Motivation effect exceeds the Opportunity effect. We can also look at more recent wage and crime data from the UK to see if it supports the conclusion, that falling wages leads to higher crime rates, drawn from supply and demand analysis. As shown in Figure 3, there has been a downward trend in the real wage rate in the UK since the financial crash in 2007, real wage growth was around 10% but this has fallen to -9% by 2014. Using economic theory, it is evident that if real wages fall, then tax revenue earned by the government is likely to decrease through e.g. lower income tax revenue. Moreover, if people have lower earnings, government’s spending in transfer payments e.g. benefits is likely to rise. The situation of falling tax revenue and higher demand for public services has led to a worsening budget balance so the Coalition government adopted austerity measures. This has affected many areas of public sector spending, including the police force where there have been  £2.5bn in budget cuts since 2011, and an estimated 70% of these cuts have been in officer cuts (BBC News, 22nd July 2014). This leads to a fall in the probability of being caught (P) and severity of punishment (S), since severe punishments are typically more expensive. The effects on P and S are â€Å"second round† effects derived from falling wages. Using the CP function, one would expect that if P and S fall there is a rise in crime. However, national crime statistics demonstrate a reduction in the level of crime in the UK (figure 4): So it is evident that crime has been falling since around 1995 as shown by the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) data estimate. Since the financial crash, crime has fallen from around 10.5 million in 2008/2009 to 8.5 million in 2012/2013. This contradicts the conclusion made using supply/demand analysis that falling wages leads to higher crime rates. However, David Cameron argues that remaining policemen have been asked â€Å"to do more with less resources [and they] have performed magnificently (Gill, 2013). However, critics argue that there are other factors which have reduced crime statistics. Gill (2013) points towards technological advancements as a significant reason for a falling crime rates. Firstly, car manufacturers are able to include central locking systems which makes it more difficult for criminals to break in. Secondly, car break-ins are typically a â€Å"starter crime† leading onto more serious crimes such as drug dealing; if fewer people are getting involved in crime at this lower level then there will be less crime overall. Thirdly, Gill (2013) highlights the way crime is reported as being a problem since there has been growth in online and high tech crime, for example, online credit card fraud, which is not taken into account in the CSEW crime statistics. Therefore, the â€Å"second round† effects, that falling wages/tax revenue force governments to cut police funding results in more crime, may not be felt since technological advancements have resulted in less (reported) crime. That said, the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) made a statement (2010) explaining how it planned to stabilise the number of prisoners until 2014/2015 and after this it would look at reducing the number by 3000 fewer than the figure as of 19th November 2010 (85,393). So while austerity measures have been implemented by the government, the severity of punishments has yet to fall significantly; this may be another reason why the crime rate did not increase whilst wages have been falling. It will be interesting to see whether going forward now crime rates increase since the MoJ is aiming to reduce the number of prisoners. In conclusion, it is evident that a supply and demand framework to model the effect of falling wages on crime cannot fully explain the situation we are currently in. In all fairness, Machin and Meghir’s work did support these findings, however more recent wage and crime data has contradicted the expected outcome. Therefore, although using a supply and demand framework can explain the impact of falling wages on crime to an extent, other factors, such as technological developments, may also influence the crime rate and policymakers who are trying to tackle crime need to ensure these other factors are also taken into account. Bibliography Aristotle (350 B.C.E.) Politics. Translated by B. Jowett. 1999. Kitchener: Batoche Books. Becker, G. (1968) Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2): 169-217. Becker, G. (1992) The Economic Way of Looking at Life. Nobel Prize [transcript], Wednesday 9th December, Available from: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1992/becker-lecture.pdf [Accessed 18th November 2014]. Blunt, C. (2010) Imprisonment for Public Protection. House of Commons Debate [transcript], Tuesday 23rd November, Available from: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm101123/debtext/101123-0001.htm [Accessed on 20th November 2010]. Cantor, D. and Land, K. C. (1985) Unemployment and crime rates in the post-World War 2 United States: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. American Sociological Review, 50 (3): 317–332. Cook, P. J. (1986) The Demand and Supply of Criminal Opportunities. Crime and Justice, 7: 1-27. Crime in England and Wales: Quarterly Bulletin. The Office of National Statistics [online], 19th July 2012. Available from: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_273169.pdf [Accessed 16th November 2014]. Dolphin, T. (2014) Bleak figures show a relentless slide towards a low-pay Britain. The Observer [online], Sunday 19th October. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/18/economy-bleak-british-workers-technology [Accessed 18th November 2014]. Ehrlich, I. (1996) Crime, Punishment and Market for Offenses. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10 (1): 43-67. Freeman, R. (1999) â€Å"The Economics of Crime.† In Ashenfelter, O. and Card, D. (ed.) Handbook of Labour Economics, 3. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland Publishers. pp. 3530-3571. Gill, M. (2013) David Cameron is wrong: falling crime rates are not because of the magnificent police. New Statesman [online], Thursday 18th July. Available from: http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/07/no-david-cameron-falling-crime-rates-are-not-because-magnificent-police [Accessed on: 17th November 2014]. Machin, S. and Meghir, C. (2004) Crime and Economic Incentives. The Journal of Human Resources, 49 (4): 958-979. Police forces in England and Wales ’rise to the cuts challenge’. BBC News [online], 22nd July 2014. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-28415123 [Accessed 18th November 2014]. Real Wages: What Recovery?. The Economist [online], 25th Oct 2014. Available from: http://www.economist.com/news/britain/21627665-workers-continue-feel-pinch-what-recovery [Accessed 18th November 2014].

Superior Flexor Muscle Cells :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Effects of Extracellular Potassium Concentration on Membrane Potentials in Crayfish Superior Flexor Muscle Cells Intracellular measurement of membrane potentials in cells of the crayfish superficial flexor muscle can reveal the effects of varying the extracellular concentrations of potassium ion on the resting potential. Our results suggest that at high extracellular potassium concentrations, the resting potential resembles that of the potassium’s equilibrium potential, and at low potassium concentrations, resting potential is less related to potassium equilibrium potential. We suggest that the equilibrium potential of other ions, especially sodium, contribute more heavily to the resting potential when extracellular potassium concentration is low, which accounts for the resting potential having a less negative voltage than the potassium equilibrium potential. The determination of resting potential by the equilibrium potentials of numerous ions reduces the effect that concentration changes in any single ion will have on the resting potential, lending stability to neural cell function even during changing environmental conditions. We tested the effect of extracellular potassium concentration on membrane potentials in the crayfish superficial flexor muscle cells. We compared five different extracellular concentrations of K+ and measured resting potentials by recording extracellularly and intracellulary, using an electrode that was inserted into the muscle via a micropipette. Our results confirm the relationship between voltage across the membrane and equilibrium potentials of the most prevalent ions that is stated by the Goldman Equation. Micropipettes were constructed from capillary tubes with tip diameter of a fraction of a micron. A micropipette and holder were filled with 3M KCl; use of this saturated solution ensured that intracellular K+ did not diffuse from the cell up the pipette. The top of the holder, which connected to the Neuroprobe amplifier circuitry, contained an Ag/AgCl electrode to prevent the hydrolysis of water, which would have created bubbles of hydrogen gas that would interfere with current conduction. The crayfish superficial muscle was exposed by making a U-shaped cut in the dorsal carapace and removing the dorsal muscles, leaving only the ventral carapace, its attached muscles, and possibly the nerve cord. This region was then placed in a small plasticene dish covered with one of five crayfish Ringers’ solutions. Normal (1x) crayfish Ringer’s solution contained [K+] = 5.4 mM and was used as a control; the four experimental solutions contained [K+] of .54 (.1x), 16.2 (3x), 54 (10x), and 162 (30x) mM respectively. Despite the non-uniformity of total osmolarity, the proportion of K+ to Cl-, the other important diffusible ion, remained constant, satisfying the Donnan Equilibrium.

Why the French Revolution was Just :: essays research papers

Louis exclaimed 'Why, this is a revolt.' 'No Sire,' replied the duke, 'It is a revolution.' These words were uttered by the duke and King Louis XVI when the peasants revolted into the Bastille. You may ask did the peasants have a right to do this to the king and the country of France. Yes, the peasants had a right and this is why the French Revolution was just. The 3rd estate was severely in poverty, even to the extent of on the verge of death. The poverty was so severe it can be considered fatal. The king treated the 3rd estate like crap. The 3rd estate was taxed heavily and was left hungry most of the time. Food was scarce and most of the time people were fighting even for the smallest scraps of food. The 3rd estate was forced into poverty so severely that they had no other option except to revolt and start a revolution, known as the French Revolution. A main reason why mostly peasants and people in the 3rd estate fought over food was because of the winter of 1788-1789. During this time, France experienced a heavy drought and much of the wheat and yeast used to bake bread was destroyed. This left a scarcity of the most eaten food in all of France. The price of bread soared over 600% what it used to be. A loaf of bread would be about $600 in time. This lead to an increase of crime and theft. This left many people hungry and starving. There were constant brawls and fights over scraps of bread. Louis XVI and Maria Antoinette ate all the bread they want. They did not give a darn about any of the people starving and begging for any kind of food outside their luxurious castle. They just sat there wasting money and eating all they want. This lead the 3rd estate down a road they had been before. The ?slaves? of the king and the tax payers. Taxes were so severe that the 3rd estate could hardly keep up. The king charged the 3rd estate with tax after tax. He taxed them just for they could spend it on some other ridiculous item for themselves. The king knew that the 3rd estate didn?t have the money to spare on taxes, but King Louis XVI did not care. Unfortunately, the taxes were put on the people who had the least amount of money, when the taxes should have been put on everyone in France in an equal way.

Is Shortening the Length of College the Answer? Essay -- Education Col

With most of the world economy trying to recover from the reeling affect of the global recession over the past two years, a new education concept seems to be emerging. In recent times, authors like Jennifer Epstein and Lamar Alexander have posted articles on websites, such as USAToday.com and Newsweek.com explaining how giving newer opportunities to students to finish their four year bachelor’s degree within three years will prove extremely beneficial. While both the authors sport similar sentiments, we will take into consideration those as projected by Jennifer Epstein. The article is a comprehensive piece explaining how most students will benefit from the introduction of three-year courses within universities, especially in terms of monetary benefits. While most of the arguments presented by the author in favor of three-year degrees stand valid, it may be taken into account that some of the crucial aspects with regards to the education system remain untouched and unexplored. If these few unexplored facets were to be considered, I am sure the conclusion of the author’s article might have differed alternately. In the counter-arguments I present further on in the paper, I will explore how introduction of three- year degree courses would rather mar the entire purpose of higher education and how the students will relatively suffer intermittently if subjected to the said change. However, to be fair to our opponent, we will first consider and reflect upon the points mentioned by her. Jennifer Epstein is of the view that with the downturn in economy, it has become extremely difficult for the college students to manage to pay for the college fees. Further, with incessantly rising costs, the entire task of meeting the expense of a coll... ...ly well students remain as a minority. If one does not take into account the arguments mentioned above, the future workforce of America looks incompetent. Without the proper education and training that can only be provided to them through a thorough education process involving the entire four years’ rigorous training, the students of today and the workforce of tomorrow will face grave imperils. This will in turn affect the entire nation’s future as well. Therefore, I suggest that before taking any major resolution, the policy makers and educators should take all these factors in account. Works Cited Jennifer Epstein. "More colleges offering 3-year degrees." USAToday 11 Mar. 2010: Lamar Alexander. "The Three-Year Solution." NewsWeek 17 Oct. 2009: Valerie Strauss. "Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees To Save Undergrads Time, Money." Washingtonpost, 2009.

HK study guide

Distinguish between viruses, bacteria, ricketiest, fungi, parasites, and prisons. 2. Viruses: RNA or DNA. Obligate intracellular parasites. Seek â€Å"permissive cells to infect. Some strains have shown periodic changes by have mutations and forming new strands; Require a tissue culture In order to grow; Consist of RNA or DNA In a protective globetrotting coat; Influenza – Dengue Fever ? carried by mosquito SST. Louis encephalitis virus – carried by mosquito HIVE Hepatitis – Makes skin a yellow tint; can get from tattoos and has a long term risk of lung cancer (type C) RhinocerosMeasles Norwalk virus – highly infective and can ruin Cruise ship vacations Rabies – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues and usually cause from an animal bit that opens the skin of a human; get anti-vaccine once bit Bola – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues Herpes – DNA virus; can be given antibiotics to try to fight It; Chickenpox – DNA virus Smallpox – DNA virus 3. Bacteria: free-living organisms capable of reproduction If needs are not met: nutrients, environment (e. G. Temp, aerobic/anaerobic) susceptible host (compromised immune defenses).Categorized by shape: cuscus (stash, strep, concusses, pneumatics), bacilli (tetanus, botulism), spirochetes (syphilis, Boreal, Gram+ bacteria retain the purplish stain); prokaryotic & the smallest free-living forms Staphylococcus – Streptococcus Concusses – SIT that affects mucus membranes in urethra and creates discharge and burning through urethra; cultures can show negative even when it is positive; can give children eye Infections at birth Tuberculosis – lung disorder that causes the mouth; destroys cartilage Chlamydia – get In cells but respond to antibiotics Pneumatics IncongruousClamatorial tenant – rod shaped Botulism – rod-shaped; a neurotic also used in medicine Perplexing – bacilli; gangrene Hemo philia influenza – bacillus that causes respiratory infections Bacillus anthracic – causes skin lesions and lung infections Salmonella – food poisoning Comparable – food poisoning E. Coli 01 57:HA – food poisoning; Mycobacterium tuberculosis – slow growing lung disease acquired from the air-born spread of rod-shaped bacteria that are affected by host Trepanned – spiral shaped bacteria that causes syphilis Boreal burglarproofed – spiral shaped and is carried by a tick that causes LimeTine piped – athlete's foot (foot fungus); also know as ringworm but not from a worm Tine crisis – affects the groin Candida Albanians – yeasts in the vagina (vaginas), mouth & bloodstream Pneumatics caring – one of the most common infections in AIDS patients Valley Fever – bumps on face; from mosquito in SW USA; sadomasochism's 5. Parasites: complex multiplied & single celled organisms. Ameba's, Guardia, hookworm, scriptorium's inhabit unsanitary water.Schistose, malaria plasmid, folia, noncommercial's & transportations organisms utilize other creates to omelet their lifestyles Mites Lice Plasmid follicular – causes malaria; vector is an anopheles mosquito that is the most dangerous of parasites Schistose – worms that infect the liver and bladder from a snail Tapeworm – acquired from pork or beef Hookworm – acquired from soil Circumscription – waterborne; outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 sickened 400,000 with 100 deaths Guardia – intestinal parasite acquired from rivers and streams Pedicurists pubis – the crab louse that is from a sexually transmitted disease Repressiveness – parasite in the rivers that use vectors 6.Prisons – Abnormally folded proteins that lack nucleic acids; Prisoner's 1997 Nobel Prize postulated prisons as the etiology of several encephalopathy's; Mad-cow disease Koru – affected the tribes from eating peo ple; peoples brains began to look like a sponge and caused a shivering sickness unprecedented-Jacob disease scrappier in sheep – sheep given a food called offal that had a protein-rich substance that allowed the sheep to grow quickly and caused the death of several; could be a vaccine for dementia and Alchemist's disease if found wasting diseases in deer and mink 7. Distinguish between humeral and cellular immunity. What are the functions of â€Å"B† (Plasma Cells) and â€Å"T† lymphocytes? What are Mussolini's such as Gig and IGMP? 8. Vaccines exist for a number of child hoof diseases. What are these? Which are viruses and which are bacteria? 9. Describe the stages of infection. Generalized symptoms include fever, malign, rash, paraphrasing, lymphocyte's, photographic. What are the public health implications of â€Å"carrier states† in diseases such as herpes, HIVE/AIDS, typhoid, TAB, Bola. 10. Why is it so difficult to develop effective vaccines for: ma larial, sadomasochists, HIVE? 1 1 .The sexually transmitted diseases (SST) have preventatives from nearly all of the agents discussed in class. List Studs which are viruses, bacteria, fungi, multiplied parasites. 12. Major factors which amplify epidemics: poor sanitation, poverty, high density populations, malnutrition, compromised immune responses, conflict (resulting in many displaced and wounded victims), environmental changes which favor reproduction of vectors such as insects or rodents, antigenic variation (the organism changes), behavior of the hosts (sexual contacts, unsanitary medical procedures, contaminated injections of illicit drugs, improperly treated infections).

History Of Green Technology Environmental Sciences Essay

In this new epoch, engineering is bettering fast and economic is turning quickly due to the epicurean life style of human presents. We can hold every bit much energy as we want by bring forthing expeditiously and continuously. But the negative impact that these energy green goods is more than positive impact because of resources that we need to utilize and blow merchandise that were produce from the procedure of bring forthing energy such as atomic energy and coal energy. On the other manus, the rapid growing of industry from agricultural industry to fabricating industry in the past decennaries has caused the production of energy to increase. However, the addition in these energy production consume a great sum of resource and will do pollution to the environment and besides people today has already cognizant of the effects of pollution that will convey to us in future. Therefore, production of green engineering and energy has been increasing in these few old ages.1.1 History of Green TechnologyIn the early yearss, before the industry revolution, people were utilizing the chief beginning, the Sun, to bring forthing the heat, they besides used the other beginning to help their day-to-day life, such as Equus caballuss as their transit usage, animate beings like cattles and donkeys as their labours, and the air current will utilize to travel the canvass and bring forth the simple machine. However, since the first introduce of modern steam engine by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt in the mid 1700s, people found the possibility of brand usage of the power of steam. The individual steam engines were shortly became powering engines, mills and farm implements after the coal dug from the stat mis of England and Appalachia. In the 1800s, more and more natural resources were founded utile and able to convey us a million of convenience, such as the oil and crude oil which usage in processed the gasolene for machine burning after that. However, this easiness has brought a batch of energy crisis all around the universe today due to the immense ingestion on the fossil fuels such as the oil, coal and the natural gas in the past decennary. Presents, green engineering can mention to many different things, such as clean energy, renewable energy, sustainable energy, waste direction and energy preservation. However, it is difficult to happen a history specify for green engineering in the past. During the 1900s, there were a series of energy crisis in the Middle East and things acquiring worse in twelvemonth 1973 when the trade stoppage imposed by the oil manufacturers of Iraq on America led the monetary value of rough oil to lift from $ 3 per barrel to $ 12 in twelvemonth 1974 and about make a mean monetary value of $ 45 in twelvemonth 1980. This determination was in response to the America gave their support for the Israel in the Arab-Israeli War ( Yom Kippur War ) . ( Terry Macalister, 3 March 2011 ) United Stated was wake uping by this oil crisis and realized the importance of the energy resources, hence get downing the initial push for developing the clean energy. In 1978, the National Energy Act became a landmark first measure in get downing the research and development of renewable energy, but the push for renewable criterions truly began in the sixtiess. ( http: //www.greenenergychoice.com/green-guide/renewable-events.html ) After that, Madrigal besides had a important research in solar, air current and other alternate energies because there is a sudden alteration in the energy cost and realisation of environmental crisis. These were the groundss to turn out that since 1900s, green engineering was undergoing a immense and rapid growing until today. In figure 1, the diagram shows the rapid growing of energy ingestion from twelvemonth 1986 to 2011.Figure 1: World primary energy ingestion grew by 2.5 % in 2011, less than half the growing rate experienced in 2010 but near to the historical norm. Rowth decelerated for all parts and for all fuels. Oil remains the universe ‘s prima fuel, accounting for 33.0 % of planetary energy ingestion, but this figure is the lowest portion on record. Coal ‘s market portion of 30.3 % was the highest since 1969.1.2 Research BackgroundEnergy is really of import presents in either industrialised state and besides consumed by family. Most of the energy is coming from oil and natural gas but unluckily these resources are consuming when times goes on. Due to this job, research workers are seeking to develop alternate fuels, new agencies of bring forthing energy and energy efficiency demand. They have developed many beginnings of renewable energy which is chemical energy, electrical energy, beaming energy and atomic energy. Although all these options beginnings of energy is renewable, but it besides pose other negative impact to the environment said Kofi ( 2002 ) . In some states, clean energy is produced which is energy that does non bring forth waste merchandises besides known as green energy. Harmonizing to Bakar, Sam, Tahir, Rajianiand Muslan ( 2011 ) , green engineering is an evolving of assorted sort of methodological analysiss and stuffs sweetening. The use of environmental friendly mechanisms has been increased to cut down the impact ensuing from industrial sector wastage and dodo fuel ingestion due to researches that has been done by scientists related to green engineering indicating to climate alterations and planetary heating due to greenhouse gases. With the menace of planetary heating and dearly-won energy lifting, concerns are get downing to recognize the benefits of utilizing these engineerings to cut down C footmark and waste while giving the concern a positive consequences said Zainura ( 2010 ) . A A A A A A A Harmonizing to Eyraud, Wane, Zhang and Clements ( 2011 ) , they have done research on renewable energy by analysing the tendencies and determiners of investing on green engineering for the last decennaries on advanced and emerging states. They are utilizing multi-country historical dataset and the consequences shows that green investing has become an of import factor in energy sector which is turning quickly largely by China.1.3 Development of Green TechnologyThere are assorted types of green engineering such as air current power, solar energy, hydroelectric power which is derived from the H2O motion, biofuels which is derived from firing workss and animate beings substances. , geothermic energy which is derived from the heat that given off by the Earth, biomass which is produced by the organic stuffs such as workss and animate beings.Figure 2: G20 Renewable Electricity ProductionDegree centigrades: UsersUserDesktopUntitled.png Beginning: NRDC, 2012 ; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012 ; Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2012 There is a research and informations aggregation prepared by the NRDC, 2012 ; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012 ; Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2012 demoing some of import statistics in per centum of the renewable electricity production and investing of ranked the G20 state. The electricity are produced by assorted sort of renewable resources such as the air current, solar, geothermic, moving ridge and tidal. ( see figure 2 )Table 1: Electricity from Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Tidal and Wave in the G20 CountriesDegree centigrades: UsersUserDesktopUntitled1.png Beginning: Natural Resources Defense Council, Energy Information Administration, and Bloomberg New Energy Finance As of 2011, the EU states are truly taking the battalion, with Germany the most out of the G20 states, acquiring about 11 % of its energy from renewable beginnings. It ‘s followed by the EU as a whole with about 7 % , so Italy and Indonesia. Other states like the U.S. , China, Mexico, and Brazil slowdown buttocks. The US comes in at 7th topographic point, where its measly 2.7 % renewable energy puts it merely a hair in front of Mexico. Russia comes in last, with 0.0 % of its energy coming from renewable beginnings. While all these states have made of import advancement since 2002 they are still significantly behind other states like New Zealand, Spain, Portugal, and Iceland ( see table 1 ) . The NRDC besides ranked the states on how much their renewable energy production has grown since 2002. South Korea has had the most growing: it multiplied its then-puny production 200 times, seting it at a still-puny 0.9 % . China comes in a distant second, holding multiplied its renewable energy more than 80 times. The US is 11th on that list, holding quadrupled its production. Argentina, where production has decreased by 12 % , is last. ( see table 1 )Table 2: Top States for Clean Energy Investments in 2011Degree centigrades: UsersUserDesktopUntitled3.png Beginning: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, 2012 These lifting tendencies are demoing up in the investing in clean energy in each of these G20 countries.A Since 2002, the G20 states have cumulatively invested over $ 860 billion in clean energy, harmonizing to informations fromA Bloomberg New Energy Finance. The bulk of this investing has occurred in the E.U. ( $ 291 billion ) , followed by the U.S. ( $ 215 billion ) , China ( $ 197 billion ) , Brazil ( $ 52 billion ) , and India ( $ 40 billion ) . Saudi Arabia, which has spent a hapless $ 20 million since 2004, comes in last topographic point. This is because in Saudi Arabia the oil monetary value is still low. In the thick of worldwide renewable energy sector growing, some authorities policies encouraged renewable energy growing much more efficaciously than others, such as Germany ‘s feed-in duties. The United States has been prosecuting renewable energy less sharply than Germany has, and, in conformity with the stating â€Å" you reap what you sow, † Germany has far more efficaciously stimulated renewable energy growing. To to the full understand the importance of weighing an aggressive growing policy versus a milder one, it ‘s of import to understand the intent of promoting renewable energy use. Due to the fact that planetary heating is a clip bomb that requires pressing action, a mild growing policy that leaves the United States bring forthing merely 2.7 % of power from renewable beginnings is non equal. Every twelvemonth that coal power workss dominate, they make a important part to our turning planetary heating job. If planetary heating was non an issue, it could be pursued less sharply. However, peak oil is a concern every bit good. The study ‘s writers remind the 20 states of the committedness they 20 made in 2002 to â€Å" well increase the planetary portion of renewable energy beginnings. † They ‘ve made a difference: in the G20 states as a whole, new clean energy investings have increased by about 600 per centum, far outpacing economic growing in those states. But it ‘s non plenty, the study ‘s writers warn. Without a dramatic turnaround, the G20 states are on no path to run into their end. The G20 states as a whole presently use 2.6 % renewable energy. Based on current tendencies, they will be utilizing under 4 per centum by 2015, and less than 6 per centum by 2020. ( Jake Schmidt & A ; Aaron Haifly, Jan 2012 )Problem Statement1.4 Research Objective1.4.1 General Aim: The general aim of this survey is to analyze the factor that enhances the planetary green engineering in economic position. Other than that, the intent of this survey is to analyze the cointegration and long tally relationship among the variables by utilizing Vector Error Correction Model ( VECM ) method. Then, we will establish out which variables are significantly influenced others and how it does in order to detect a more effectual manner in making an sweetening of green engineering in planetary. There are five variables that we used in our survey, which are clean energy index ( green engineering index ) , fossil fuel monetary value, CO2 license ‘s monetary value, engineering index and the market stock monetary value ( S & A ; P 500 ) . Last, the specific aims of this research are as follow. 1.4.2 Specific Aim: Our specific aims are as follows: 1. To analyze whether clean energy index and dodo fuel monetary value has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM. 2. To analyze whether clean energy index and CO2 permit ‘s monetary value has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM. 3. To analyze whether clean energy index and engineering index has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM. 4. To analyze whether clean energy index and S & A ; P 500 has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM.1.5 Research QuestionMake the clean energy index and dodo fuel monetary value have a important relationship between each other? Make the clean energy index and CO2 permit ‘s monetary value have a important relationship between each other? Make the clean energy index and engineering index have a important relationship between each other? Make the clean energy index and S & A ; P 500 have a important relationship between each other?1.6 Hypothesis of the surveyIn our research, we treated all the variables as our dependent variables. Therefore in this instance there is no demand to stipulate which variables are endogenous variables and which are the exogenic variables by utilizing this VECM method. So, we are traveling to do a hypotheses to calculate out either there are cointegrated and long tally relationship exist among these variables. In fact, as we noticed that, the quickly turning of the green engineering globally in recent decennaries, therefore, we are expected that the variables we had chosen will hold long tally relationship and cointegrated among each others.1.7 Significant of the surveyBack to the old surveies, past research worker have stated that the clean energy index, engineering index, oil monetary value, involvement rate have long run relationship and cointegrated among each other. However, the survey had figured out CO2 license ‘s monetary value had no long tally relationship and no influenced by other variables ( Surender Kumar, 2009 ) . Therefore, in our survey, we decided to look into over the CO2 license ‘s monetary value with other variables once more to calculate out whether there is an being of cointegrated and long tally relationship among them. Due to the aggressively rises of the pollution rate and the energy crisis jobs, it has been pealing a bell to non merely the developed states but globally including those states which are still in developing phase. Based on the antecedently surveies, most of the research workers were merely concentrate the country of survey on developed states and some of them are universe ‘s renewable energy leaders ( Germany, Denmark, Spain ) , such as the OECD states and G20 states. On the other manus, part of other little states besides ca n't be neglected. So, it is of import to look into other developing states which are besides undergoing a immense betterment in their clean energy growing such as Iceland, Lesotho, Albania, Paraguay, Bhutan and Mozambique. Therefore, we decided to make a globally research on our subject. Besides that, the authorities and future research worker may utilize this survey as their mentions. For illustration, authorities will acquire benefit by have some thoughts with how to heighten their green engineering due to the past research had stated that the state gross domestic production has a positive relationship straight with the green engineering growing. Furthermore, hereafter research worker can make a reappraisal on this survey and they may make a more dependable with future theory.1.8 Chapter LayoutIn chapter one, which is the introductory chapter includes background and definition of green engineering and how it benefits to the environment, job statement, aims, hypothesis and in conclusion theoretical model. In the background and definition portion, we discuss about the importance of clean energy besides known as renewable energy and what is benefits it will convey to our environment. After that, our research will go on to job statement. In this portion, we will discourse about the job and issue of the research subject in item. Then we will continue to following portion which is the aim. It is separated into two parts that is general aim which is the chief aim of our research and specific aim which is specific thought of what we are traveling to prove. And in conclusion we will go on with theoretical model that is the construction that supports the theory of a research survey. A In this portion, we will include and depict the theory that we use and apply in this research.

Entertainment Industry Essay

1. ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY †¢2. INTRODUCTION The story of single-screen theatre has reached its sad end in India. Multi-screen theaters have opened new vistas for the entertainment industry. After the entry of corporate titans like Reliance, the scenario of entertainment services has become more professional than ever. These theaters have changed the entire movie-going experience. †¢3. Multiplexes currently constitute 4-5 % of the 12,900 screens in India, the industry has a long way to go. This is just the beginning of multiplex revolution. In multiplex segment, PVR is the market leader in India. Besides, there are other major players like: Adlabs, Waves, Inox Leisures, Cinemax, Fame etc. These multi-screen theaters have started more facilities for customers like: online ticket booking, attractive sales promotion schemes, home delivery of tickets, SMS booking, toll-free calling services etc. †¢4. CUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT Customer relationship management (CRM) is a broadly recognized, widely-implemented strategy for managing a company’s interactions with customers , clients and sales prospects. †¢5. PHASES The three phases in which CRM support the relationship between a business and its customers are to: Acquire : CRM can help a business acquire new customers through contact management, direct marketing , selling, and fulfillment. Enhance : web-enabled CRM combined with customer service tools offers customers service from a team of sales and service specialists, which offers customers the convenience of one-stop shopping. Retain : CRM software and databases enable a business to identify and reward its loyal customers and further develop its targeted marketing and relationship marketing initiatives. †¢6. STRATEGY For larger-scale enterprises, a complete and detailed plan is required to obtain the funding, resources, and company-wide support that can make the initiative of choosing and implementing a system successful. Benefits must be defined, risks assessed, and cost quantified in three general areas: PROCESSES PEOPLE TECHNOLOGY †¢7. The 7 P’s of Multiplex Cinemas PROCESS PROMOTION PHYSICAL EVIDENCE PEOPLE PLACE PRICE PRODUCT THE MARKETING MIX †¢8. ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY This can be explained properly with the bifurcation below. Traditional live entertainment industry : Theater Play writers Actors and Theater directors Music industry Composers and Songwriters Singers and Musicians Orchestras Publication industry Authors Journalists Publishers Printers The 20th century mass media industry : Film studios Cinemas Broadcasting Record industry Theme parks Discothà ¨ques †¢9. WHAT IS A MULTIPLEX INDUSTRY Multiplex is a medium that offers a person composite entertainment comprising of a one stop destination to shop, entertain, and dine and watch a Varity of movies under a common roof. Multiplex are one of the means of lifestyle that offer to viewers the choice of watching a movie in a five star or three star environment. †¢10. SOME FACTS ABOUT MULTIPLEXES Presently there are approximately 13000 screens in India with equal number of space available for the same amount of theatres to be opened. Multiplexes in India are given benefits for their development as they form a major part of the entertainment industry. Benefits such as overall tax concession, reduction in entertainment tax and so on are provided by the govt. †¢11. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY WITHIN THE INDUSTRY THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS THREATS OF SUBSTITUTES BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL †¢12. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE INDUSTRY- Indiscipline among filmmakers. This made the industry fragmented and disorganized. Piracy leading to massive losses for the industry. Lack of resources in terms of finance, human etc. Lack of corporatized management. Limited studio space and lack of security lending to an expensive foreign locales resulting in drain of resources. Reluctance of financial institutions to fund non asset based ventures Lack of expertise to handle latest equipments. †¢13. Services Provided Multiplexes provides the user, Entertainment-related information Pricing Availability Reservations for ticket for its cineplexes. Theatre Environment Auditorium Seating Restrooms Parking Area Film Presentation Sound Quality Picture Quality Volume Food Service Cleanliness of Snack Bar Selection of Concessions Taste/Temp of Food Item Personnel Ticket Cashier Snack Bar Attendant Handling of Problems †¢14. SWOT ANALYSIS OF ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY STRENGHTS most booming sectors in India Change in the lifestyle and spending patterns of the Indian masses on entertainment. Technological innovations WEAKNESSES 1. The Entertainment sector in India is highly fragmented. 2. The lack of efforts for media penetration in lower socio-economic classes, where the media penetration is low. 3. The film exhibition business’s fortunes depend on the success of the films they are showing 4. Rapid development of digital technology and the advancement in the broadband and networking space 5. Low margins and seasonal factors in the movie exhibition . †¢15. OPPORTUNITIES The Indian film industry is the largest film industry in the world in terms of no. of films produced and tickets sold each year expecting growth will be continued in coming years. The increasing interest of global investors in this sector. The media penetration is poor for the poorer sections of the society, offering opportunities of expansion in this area Rise in viewership and advertisement expenditure. THREATS Piracy, violation of intellectual property rights poses a major threat to media and entertainment concerns. Rapid innovations in technological sector. Increased competition with other entertainment sector like IPL, affect the occupancy rate in theatre. †¢16. Research Objective The major objective of this research was to determine the factors that constitute the bases of customer relationship management (CRM) wrt.two multiplexes in Noida city Waves and Adlabs. †¢17. Research Methodology The study was an explanatory meant for the purpose of investigation of factors that constitute the foundation of CRM in entertainment sector. Based on these factors , Adlabs and waves multiplexes were compared .this reserch was conducted on 100 movies-goers in noida (50 visitors of Adlabs and 50 of Waves ) which included students , business men , executives, family etc. †¢18. Tool For Data Collection And Analysis For primary data collection , a self administered and non disguised five point scale questionnaire containing 21 statements was used For the research , some hypothesis were formulated and tested for significance to prove the objective in scientific manner. †¢19. Results and Discussions Ambience: this factor was constituted of level of comfort in multiplex , fully air conditioned hall, plush and comfort chairs. Amenities: This factor constituted customer friendly services , food joints , drinking water facilities , neat and clean toilets and kid zone etc .. †¢20. Speedy services : This factor constituted spped of ticket booking , facility of quick location of speed , speed of services in restaurnant . Staffs cooperativeness: This factor constituted the friendly behaviour by staff, their problem solving attitude . †¢21. Online services : The factor constituted the range of online services provided by multiplex , online ticket booking and online payment system. Infrastructure : The factor constituted infrastructural components like building and other facilities. †¢22. Conclusion and Implications The study has determined six factors: ambience amenities speedy services staffs cooperativeness online service and  infrastructure. The result of this study can be of use for multiplex theatres via-a-vis single screen theatres. This study can be made on large sample and comparison across various cities can be done. However, this study is limited to noida city only . The study has wide implications for the industry in specific. Much work can be done towards strengthening CRM practices in multiple segments in INDIA .

My favorite place Essay

Let’s walk through a 5-step process for building a paragraph. For each step there is an explanation and example. Our example paragraph will be about slave spirituals, the original songs that African Americans created during slavery. The model paragraph uses illustration (giving examples) to prove its point. Step 1. Decide on a controlling idea and create a topic sentence Paragraph development begins with the formulation of the controlling idea. This idea directs the paragraph’s development. Often, the controlling idea of a paragraph will appear in the form of a topic sentence. In some cases, you may need more than one sentence to express a paragraph’s controlling idea. Here is the controlling idea for our â€Å"model paragraph,† expressed in a topic sentence: Model controlling idea and topic sentence— Slave spirituals often had hidden double meanings. Step 2. Explain the controlling idea Paragraph development continues with an expression of the rationale or the explanation that the writer gives for how the reader should interpret the information presented in the idea statement or topic sentence of the paragraph. The writer explains his/her thinking about the main topic, idea, or focus of the paragraph. Here’s the sentence that would follow the controlling idea about slave spirituals: Model explanation—On one level, spirituals referenced heaven, Jesus, and the soul; but on another level, the songs spoke about slave resistance. Step 3. Give an example (or multiple examples) Paragraph development progresses with the expression of some type of support or evidence for the idea and the explanation that came before it. The example serves as a sign or representation of the relationship established in the idea and explanation portions of the paragraph. Here are two examples that we could use to illustrate the double meanings in slave spirituals Model example A—For example, according to Frederick Douglass, the song â€Å"O Canaan, Sweet Canaan† spoke of slaves’ longing for heaven, but it also expressed their desire to escape to the North. Careful listeners heard this  second meaning in the following lyrics: â€Å"I don’t expect to stay / Much longer here. / Run to Jesus, shun the danger. / I don’t expect to stay.† Model example B—Slaves even used songs like â€Å"Steal Away to Jesus (at midnight)† to announce to other slaves the time and place of secret, forbidden meetings. Step 4. Explain the example(s) The next movement in paragraph development is an explanation of each example and its relevance to the topic sentence and rationale that were stated at the beginning of the paragraph. This explanation shows readers why you chose to use this/or these particular examples as evidence to support the major claim, or focus, in your paragraph. Continue the pattern of giving examples and explaining them until all points/examples that the writer deems necessary have been made and explained. NONE of your examples should be left unexplained. You might be able to explain the relationship between the example and the topic sentence in the same sentence which introduced the example. More often, however, you will need to explain that relationship in a separate sentence. Look at these explanations for the two examples in the slave spirituals paragraph: Model explanation for example A—When slaves sang this song, they could have been speaking of their departure from this life and their arrival in heaven; however, they also could have been describing their plans to leave the South and run, not to Jesus, but to the North. Model explanation for example B—[The relationship between example B and the main idea of the paragraph’s controlling idea is clear enough without adding another sentence to explain it.] Step 5. Complete the paragraph’s idea or transition into the next paragraph The final movement in paragraph development involves tying up the loose ends of the paragraph and reminding the reader of the relevance of the information in this paragraph to the main or controlling idea of the paper. At this point, you can remind your reader about the relevance of the information that you just discussed in the paragraph. You might feel more comfortable, however, simply transitioning your reader to the next developm ent in the next paragraph. Here’s an example of a sentence that completes the slave spirituals paragraph: Model sentence for completing a paragraph—What whites heard as merely spiritual songs, slaves discerned as detailed messages. The hidden meanings in spirituals allowed slaves to sing what they could not say. Notice that the example and explanation steps of this 5-step process (steps 3 and 4) can be repeated as needed. The idea is that you continue to use this pattern until you have completely developed the main idea of the paragraph. Here is a look at the completed â€Å"model† paragraph: Slave spirituals often had hidden double meanings. On one level, spirituals referenced heaven, Jesus, and the soul, but on another level, the songs spoke about slave resistance. For example, according to Frederick Douglass, the song â€Å"O Canaan, Sweet Canaan† spoke of slaves’ longing for heaven, but it also expressed their desire to escape to the North. Careful listeners heard this second meaning in the following lyrics: â€Å"I don’t expect to stay / Much longer here. / Run to Jesus, shun the danger. / I don’t expect to stay.† When slaves sang this song, they could have been speaking of their departure from this life and their arrival in heaven; however, they also could have been describing their plans to leave the South and run, not to Jesus, but to the North. Slaves even used songs like â€Å"Steal Away to Jesus (at midnight)† to announce to other slaves the time and place of secret, forbidden meetings. What whites heard as merely spiri tual songs, slaves discerned as detailed messages. The hidden meanings in spirituals allowed slaves to sing what they could not say.

Governing Business Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Governing Business Activity - Essay Example Some argue that small businesses cannot exist without the help of big companies. Some others argue that small businesses can exist without any support from the big businesses. This essay makes an analysis of the given statement. For the purpose of arriving at a conclusion the given issues are concerned in detail. The main body of the essay will begin with an explanation of what a small business is. Further, an analysis is done about small businesses in terms of the range of industries where they operate. The next part will enumerate the extent of dependence of small businesses on the bigger ones. By detailed analysis of all these information in the main body, a conclusion is arrived at about the given topic. Small Business: There are several definitions for a small business. Small business is defined on the basis of ownership, nature of business and also the type of business that it performs. Some definitions state that small business is a privately owned business that operates in a very small market area. A small business contains relatively small number of employees. The sales volume of the business is usually small compared to that of the bigger counterparts. The mandatory requirements for a small business to be classified them as so, differs from one country to the other. The capital requirements for a small business in India will be completely different from that of China. Similarly, the employee requirements for a small business in US will be different from that of in US. Factors like quantum of sales, profit for a year, ownership, etc are other factors that define a small business. Small business contribute a large extend to the economy of a country. In some countries small busin esses are backbones of the economy. Small businesses are always found in close association with entrepreneurship for the very reason that many aspiring entrepreneurs begin their business as a small enterprise. What it means is that a small